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	<title>8mars | Temps d'élégance</title>
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		<title>Emmeline Pankhurst</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Fanny Wilk]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Mar 2020 22:02:29 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[REFLECHIR]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[8mars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Belle-Epoque]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Femmes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ladies]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Je voulais vous montrer trois portraits de grandes dames de la Belle Epoque à l&#8217;occasion du 8 mars , car je trouvais que c&#8217;était l&#8217;occasion</p>
The post <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/">Emmeline Pankhurst</a> first appeared on <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com">Temps d'élégance</a>.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="has-text-color has-black-color">Je voulais vous montrer trois portraits de grandes dames de la Belle Epoque à l&rsquo;occasion du 8 mars , car je trouvais que c&rsquo;était l&rsquo;occasion de tordre le cou aux fantasmes selon lesquels nos ancêtres étaient des femmes sages, jolies et muettes (le parfait objet décoratif quoi !). Donc après <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/madeleine-pelletier/">Madeleine Pelletier</a> et <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/marguerite-durand/">Marguerite Durand,</a> deux françaises, nous traversons la Manche pour aller vers Londres et découvrir la vie très inspirante d&rsquo;<strong>Emmeline Pankhurst</strong>.</p>



<p style="color:#602baa" class="has-text-color">I wanted to show you three portraits of Edwardian great ladies for last march the 8th, because I wanted to dispel false ideas about how our ancestors were quiet, nice and mute (the perfect decorative object !). So, after <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/madeleine-pelletier/">Madeleine Pelletier</a> and <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/marguerite-durand/">Marguerite Durand</a>, two french women, we cross the Channel and go to London and discover the very inspiring life of <strong>Emmeline Pankhurst</strong>.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img data-recalc-dims="1" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="564" height="838" data-attachment-id="3296" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/1_emmelinepankhurst_portrait/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1_EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait.jpg?fit=564%2C838&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="564,838" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="1_EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1_EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait.jpg?fit=202%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1_EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait.jpg?fit=564%2C838&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1_EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait.jpg?resize=564%2C838&#038;ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-3296" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1_EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait.jpg?w=564&amp;ssl=1 564w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1_EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait.jpg?resize=202%2C300&amp;ssl=1 202w" sizes="(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px" /></figure></div>



<p>Emmeline est une bourgeoise née en 1858 dans une famille très engagée politiquement. Elle devient elle-même  activiste dans le mouvement pour le droit de vote des femmes dès ses 14 ans et ne cessera jamais de l&rsquo;être malgré les drames que cela causera dans sa vie. Elle créé le <strong>WSPU </strong>(Women&rsquo;s Social and Political Union) en 1903, un groupe uniquement composé de femmes militant pour que les femmes aient une place identique à celle des hommes dans la vie politique de l’Angleterre du début du 20e siècle. Et elle va devenir le cauchemar du gouvernement britannique en quelques années !</p>



<p style="color:#602baa" class="has-text-color">Emmeline is a bourgeoise born in 1858 in a very politically active family. She becomes herself an activist when she is 14 years old, joining a group that asks for women&rsquo;s vote, and she will never stop being an activist, despite dramas caused by her fight. She creates the <strong>WSPU </strong>(Women&rsquo;s Social and Political Union) in 1903, a groupe made for women only that asks for women to have the same political rights than men at the start of the 20th century in England. And she will too become the british government&rsquo;s nightmare in few years !</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="564" height="744" data-attachment-id="3302" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/emmelinepankhurst_portrait1/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait1.jpg?fit=564%2C744&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="564,744" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait1.jpg?fit=227%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait1.jpg?fit=564%2C744&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait1.jpg?resize=564%2C744&#038;ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-3302" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait1.jpg?w=564&amp;ssl=1 564w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Portrait1.jpg?resize=227%2C300&amp;ssl=1 227w" sizes="(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px" /></figure></div>



<p><strong>Les débuts.</strong> Elle fait un mariage d&rsquo;amour avec un homme ayant plus du double de son âge, un avocat spécialisé dans la défense de suffragettes et ardent défenseur de la liberté de parole. Ils ont rapidement cinq enfants et toute la famille reçoit régulièrement des anarchistes (dont la française Louise Michel), des abolitionnistes de l&rsquo;esclavage, des activistes socialistes, des humanistes et des radicaux. Emmeline fréquente de nombreux groupes qui luttent pour l&rsquo;égalité homme/femme (pour la liberté d&rsquo;entreprendre, pour le droit de divorcer, etc.) mais est refroidie par leurs idées qu&rsquo;elle juge trop modérées.  Elle est aussi témoin de la misère qui frappe les pauvres dans les « workhouses » (ce sont les camps de travail anglais pour les pauvres <em>-un sujet passionnant si vous avez l&rsquo;estomac bien accroché-</em>).</p>



<p style="color:#602baa" class="has-text-color"><strong>The beginning.</strong> She loves and marries a man that was more than twice her age, a lawyer specialized in the defense of suffragettes and an ardent defender of the freedom of speech. They have five children and the whole family welcome anarchists (as the french Louise Michel), slavery abolitionists, socialist activists, humanists and radicals. Emmeline share her time with many groups that are fighting for men/women equality (entrepreneurial freedom, rights to divorce, &#8230;)  but she is disillusioned by their too moderate opinions. She too witnesses high poverty in « workhouses » (it&rsquo;s work camps for very poor fellows &#8211;<em>a fascinating and horrible topic if you are not familiar with the concept</em>-).</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="800" height="459" data-attachment-id="3304" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/emmeline-pankhurst-british-suffragette-leader-carrying-a-petition-london-13-february-1908/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3_EmmelinePankhurst.jpeg?fit=1024%2C588&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="1024,588" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Stapleton Historical Collection / Heritage-Images&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Emmeline Pankhurst, British suffragette leader, carrying a petition, London, 13 February 1908. Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928) delivering a petition from the Third Women&#039;s Parliament to the Prime Minister.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Emmeline Pankhurst, British suffragette leader, carrying a petition, London, 13 February 1908.&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="Emmeline Pankhurst, British suffragette leader, carrying a petition, London, 13 February 1908." data-image-description="" data-image-caption="&lt;p&gt;Emmeline Pankhurst, British suffragette leader, carrying a petition, London, 13 February 1908. Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928) delivering a petition from the Third Women&amp;rsquo;s Parliament to the Prime Minister.&lt;/p&gt;
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<p><strong>Le temps de la militance non-violente. </strong>Son époux meurt en 1898, la laissant avec ses 4 enfants survivants et pas mal de dettes. Emmeline rouvre sa boutique de tissus dans l’espoir de gagner un peu d&rsquo;argent (c&rsquo;est un projet professionnel qu&rsquo;elle avait déjà tenté plusieurs fois). Elle fonde le WSPU en 1903, persuadée que le temps des paroles douces est fini :  » Des actes, pas des mots » devient son slogan. Elle fait signer des pétitions, diffuse une lettre d&rsquo;information, organise des rassemblements et prend la parole publiquement, exhortant la foule à demander les mêmes droits pour hommes et femmes. Elle se révèle alors une excellente oratrice, capable de provoquer la ferveur de ceux qui l&rsquo;écoutent. Et puis elle organise une manifestation au parlement, violemment réprimée par la police : enfin, les journaux parlent de son organisation. Elle comprend alors qu&rsquo;elle aura une plus grande audience et que les choses changeront plus vite si elle se met à déranger l&rsquo;ordre établi.</p>



<p style="color:#602baa" class="has-text-color"><strong>Non-violent militance time. </strong>Her husband dies in 1898, leaving her with her 4 surviving children and many debts. Emmeline reopens her fabrics shop to earn some money (it&rsquo;s a professional project she already tried several time). She creates the WSPU in 1903, quite sure that time for soft words is over : « Deeds, no words » becomes her motto.  She makes petitions, creates newsletters, organizes rallies and speaks to the crowd, urging people to ask for equal rights for men and women. She reveals herself as a great orator, able to rise people&rsquo;s fervour. Then, she organizes a protest in front of the parliament and faces the police : finally, the press talks about her group. She understands she will have more attention and that things will change faster if she disturbs the established order.</p>



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<p><strong>Le WSPU passe à l&rsquo;action.</strong> Les manifestations deviennent de plus en plus violentes, à mesure que les manifestantes n&rsquo;acceptent plus d&rsquo;obéir aux ordres de la police et de ses disperser. Certaines d&rsquo;entre elles (dont les 3 filles d&rsquo;Emmeline) finissent en prison. L&rsquo;opinion public applaudit. Emmeline elle-même est arrêtée pour la première fois en 1908, après avoir essayé d&rsquo;apporter une pétition au premier ministre : elle passe 6 semaines en prison, et témoigne ensuite des mauvaises conditions de détention (la vermine, la torture du confinement, la nourriture abjecte&#8230;) dans les journaux qui lui donnent enfin la parole. Elle frappe ensuite un policier dans le but d&rsquo;être jugée une nouvelle fois : le procès est une merveilleuse tribune pour elle, tant il est médiatisé.  Elle appelle désormais à la rébellion et dégrader les biens : « Il y a une chose à laquelle le gouvernement tient plus qu&rsquo;à la vie humaine, et c&rsquo;est à la sécurité des biens, et donc c&rsquo;est à travers les biens que nous devons frapper l&rsquo;ennemi&#8230; Celles qui peuvent casser des vitres : cassez-les ! Celles qui peuvent menacer encore plus l&rsquo;idole secrète de la propriété, afin que le gouvernement réalise que la propriété est gravement mis en danger par le vote des femmes [&#8230;] : faites-le !  Et mes derniers mots sont pour le gouvernement : j&rsquo;encourage cette assemblée à la rébellion ! ».</p>



<p style="color:#602baa" class="has-text-color"><strong>The WSPU takes action.</strong> The feminist activists now refuses to obey the policemen and disperse, the protests become more and more violent. Some of them (including the 3 girls of Emmeline) go to jail. The public opinion applauds. Emmeline is arrested for the first time in 1908, for trying to give a petition to the prime minister : she spends 6 weeks in prison, and now talks about the bad detention conditions (vermin, torture of confinment, poor food&#8230;) in the press that gives her attention. She then strikes a policeman in order to be judged again : the trial is an amazing forum for her, as it&rsquo;s highly publicised. She now calls for rebellion and for properties degradation : « There is something that governments care for more than human life, and that is the security of property, and so it is through property that we shall strike the enemy…. Those of you who can break windows : break them ! Those of you who can still further attack the secret idol of property, so as to make the Government realize that property is as greatly endangered by women&rsquo;s suffrage [&#8230;] : do so. And my last word is to the Government: I incite this meeting to rebellion! ».</p>



<figure data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/&quot;}'  class="wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex"><ul class="blocks-gallery-grid"><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><a href="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest1.jpg?fit=1200%2C630"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="630" data-attachment-id="3310" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/emmelinepankhurst_protest1/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest1.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="1200,630" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="EmmelinePankhurst_Protest1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest1.jpg?fit=300%2C158&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest1.jpg?fit=800%2C420&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest1.jpg?fit=800%2C420" alt="" data-id="3310" data-full-url="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest1.jpg?fit=1200%2C630" data-link="https://tempsdelegance.com/?attachment_id=3310" class="wp-image-3310" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest1.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest1.jpg?resize=300%2C158&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest1.jpg?resize=1024%2C538&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest1.jpg?resize=768%2C403&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest1.jpg?resize=600%2C315&amp;ssl=1 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></a><figcaption class="blocks-gallery-item__caption">Emmeline (sur la droite) et d&rsquo;autres protestantes sont emmenées par la police   <br><em>Emmeline (on the right) and other activists are taken by policemen. </em></figcaption></figure></li></ul></figure>



<figure data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/&quot;}'  class="wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex"><ul class="blocks-gallery-grid"><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><a href="https://i2.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?fit=1890%2C2560"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1890" height="2560" data-attachment-id="3312" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/emmelinepankhurst_protest/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?fit=1890%2C2560&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="1890,2560" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="EmmelinePankhurst_Protest" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?fit=222%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?fit=756%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i2.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?fit=756%2C1024" alt="" data-id="3312" data-full-url="https://i2.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?fit=1890%2C2560" data-link="https://tempsdelegance.com/?attachment_id=3312" class="wp-image-3312" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?w=1890&amp;ssl=1 1890w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?resize=222%2C300&amp;ssl=1 222w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?resize=756%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 756w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C1040&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?resize=600%2C813&amp;ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?resize=1134%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1134w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?resize=1512%2C2048&amp;ssl=1 1512w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Protest-scaled.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></a><figcaption class="blocks-gallery-item__caption">Emmeline, portée par un policier<br><em>Emmeline, carried by policeman</em></figcaption></figure></li><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><a href="https://i1.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/362px-Emmeline_Pankhurst_in_prison.jpg?fit=362%2C599"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="362" height="599" data-attachment-id="3311" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/362px-emmeline_pankhurst_in_prison/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/362px-Emmeline_Pankhurst_in_prison.jpg?fit=362%2C599&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="362,599" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="362px-Emmeline_Pankhurst_in_prison" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/362px-Emmeline_Pankhurst_in_prison.jpg?fit=181%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/362px-Emmeline_Pankhurst_in_prison.jpg?fit=362%2C599&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/362px-Emmeline_Pankhurst_in_prison.jpg?resize=362%2C599&#038;ssl=1" alt="" data-id="3311" data-full-url="https://i1.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/362px-Emmeline_Pankhurst_in_prison.jpg?fit=362%2C599" data-link="https://tempsdelegance.com/?attachment_id=3311" class="wp-image-3311" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/362px-Emmeline_Pankhurst_in_prison.jpg?w=362&amp;ssl=1 362w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/362px-Emmeline_Pankhurst_in_prison.jpg?resize=181%2C300&amp;ssl=1 181w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px" /></a><figcaption class="blocks-gallery-item__caption">Emmeline en prison<br><em>Emmeline in prison</em></figcaption></figure></li></ul></figure>



<p><strong>L&rsquo;opinion publique bascule.</strong>  On découvre une bombe, de nombreux sabotages et départs de feux,  beaucoup de fenêtres d&rsquo;hommes politiques sont cassées. Les Pankhurst sont soupçonnées mais innocentes, elles apportent cependant leur soutien actif aux femmes qui ont perpétré ces actes. Emmeline, ses filles et sa soeur sont malgré tout très souvent emprisonnées (de même que de nombreuses suffragettes). Elles sont maltraitées par des foules d&rsquo;hommes en colère qui les poursuivent, par les policiers pendant les manifestations, et emprisonnées (Emmeline est blessée, et sa soeur Mary Jane ne survivra pas à une détention très dure), mais ne lâchent rien. Emmeline décide de faire des grèves de la faim alors qu&rsquo;elle est en prison afin d&rsquo;être considérée comme une prisonnière politique et non plus comme une hors-la-loi, et est imitée par de nombreuses activistes. Le gouvernement décide alors que les nourrir de force : mais les images sont relayées dans la presse et choquent le public. Les suffragettes commencent à être vues comme des victimes d’oppression et le gouvernement est obligé d&rsquo;arrêter de les gaver de force, il doit relâcher les suffragettes qui sont trop faibles pour supporter la détention et ces dernières reprennent leurs activités illicites dès qu&rsquo;elles retrouvent la santé. Le message est clair pour le gouvernement : elles n&rsquo;arrêteront pas tant qu&rsquo;elles n&rsquo;auront pas gain de cause. Emmeline tient bon, malgré des dissensions internes au WSPU (et jusque parmi ses filles) car certaines activistes refusent de soutenir les actions violentes.</p>



<p style="color:#602baa" class="has-text-color"><strong>The shift in public opinion.</strong> A bomb is discovered, many sabotages and fire starts are done, a lot of politician&rsquo;s windows are broken.  The Pankhursts are suspected but found innocents, however, they show their strong supports to the activists that did these actions. Emmeline, her daughters and sister are very often imprisoned (as many other suffragettes). They are being abused by men mobs, by policemen during protests, and imprisoned (Emmeline is hurt, and her sister Mary Jane dies after a hard detention), but they stay strong. Emmeline starts hunger strikes while in prison, because she wants to be recognised as a political prisoner and not as an outlaw. She is imitated by the other imprisoned activists. The government decides to force-feed them but it&rsquo;s a catastrophic decision, as the press shows pictures that shock the public opinion. The suffragettes are now seen as victims of oppression and the government have to stop, the too weak activists are released and they restart their illegal activities when their health allow them to do so. The message is clear : they will not stop until having vote for women. Emmeline holds on, despite internal discords (even with her daugthers) because some activists don&rsquo;t want to support the violent actions.</p>



<figure data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/&quot;}'  class="wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex"><ul class="blocks-gallery-grid"><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="602" height="1029" data-attachment-id="3313" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/emmelinepankhurst_prison/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison.png?fit=602%2C1029&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="602,1029" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="EmmelinePankhurst_Prison" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison.png?fit=176%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison.png?fit=599%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i2.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison.png?fit=599%2C1024" alt="" data-id="3313" data-full-url="https://i2.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison.png?fit=602%2C1029" data-link="https://tempsdelegance.com/?attachment_id=3313" class="wp-image-3313" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison.png?w=602&amp;ssl=1 602w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison.png?resize=176%2C300&amp;ssl=1 176w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison.png?resize=599%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 599w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison.png?resize=600%2C1026&amp;ssl=1 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px" /><figcaption class="blocks-gallery-item__caption">Une prisonnière suffragette et sa geôlière (à gauche)<br><em>A suffragette prisoner and her jailer   (on the left) </em></figcaption></figure></li><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="420" height="600" data-attachment-id="3314" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/emmelinepankhurst_prison1/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison1.jpg?fit=420%2C600&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="420,600" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="EmmelinePankhurst_Prison1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison1.jpg?fit=210%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison1.jpg?fit=420%2C600&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison1.jpg?resize=420%2C600&#038;ssl=1" alt="" data-id="3314" data-full-url="https://i2.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison1.jpg?fit=420%2C600" data-link="https://tempsdelegance.com/?attachment_id=3314" class="wp-image-3314" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison1.jpg?w=420&amp;ssl=1 420w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Prison1.jpg?resize=210%2C300&amp;ssl=1 210w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px" /><figcaption class="blocks-gallery-item__caption">Une prisonnière gavée de force, ce qui a choqué l&rsquo;opinion publique<br><em>A force-fed prisoner, which shocked the public opinion</em></figcaption></figure></li></ul></figure>



<p><strong>Rattrapées par l&rsquo;histoire. </strong>Mais la 1ere Guerre Mondiale éclate, et Emmeline fait une trêve pour soutenir son pays pendant le conflit. Ses tournées et ses rassemblements sont désormais pour demander aux femmes de soutenir l&rsquo;effort de guerre, elle aide aussi les veuves et les orphelins de son mieux (sur le plan privé, elle adopte 4 enfants malgré toutes ses dettes). Et la fin de la guerre est marquée par un premier succès : certaines femmes ont le droit de vote en Angleterre. Les conditions d&rsquo;accès à ce droit sont sévères, mais elle considère que c&rsquo;est un premier pas. Elle continue à militer politiquement à travers le monde, mais elle a vieilli prématurément à cause de ses nombreuses grèves de la faim et des blessures passées.  Elle meurt en 1928, quelques mois avant que les femmes aient pour de bon le droit de vote en Angleterre. </p>



<p style="color:#602baa" class="has-text-color"><strong>Overtaken by history.</strong>  But WW1 begins, and Emmeline make a truce to support her country during the conflict. Her tours and rallies are now to ask women to support the war effort, she too helps widows and orphans as much as she can (on a private point of view, she adopts 4 children despite all her debts). The end of the war is a first success : some women can vote in England. The restictions are numerous but she considers it&rsquo;s a first step. She keeps on striving accross the world, but she is prematurely aged because of her numerous hunger strikes and former wounds. She dies in 1928, few months before women win the vote rights for real in England.</p>



<figure data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/&quot;}'  class="wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex"><ul class="blocks-gallery-grid"><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><a href="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles2.jpg?ssl=1"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="800" height="585" data-attachment-id="3318" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/feministes/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles2.jpg?fit=2040%2C1492&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="2040,1492" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;\u00a9 Rue des Archives/RDA2&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Christabel Pankhurst et sa mere Emmeline Pankhurst lors d&#039;un meeting avec les suffragettes le 21 decembre 1908 en Angleterre  ---  Christabel Pankhurst and her mother Emmeline Pankhurst during a meeting with suffragettes on december 21, 1908 in England&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;\u00a9 Rue des Archives/RDA2&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Feministes&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="Feministes" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="&lt;p&gt;Christabel Pankhurst et sa mere Emmeline Pankhurst lors d&amp;rsquo;un meeting avec les suffragettes le 21 decembre 1908 en Angleterre  &amp;#8212;  Christabel Pankhurst and her mother Emmeline Pankhurst during a meeting with suffragettes on december 21, 1908 in England&lt;/p&gt;
" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles2.jpg?fit=300%2C219&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles2.jpg?fit=800%2C585&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles2.jpg?resize=800%2C585&#038;ssl=1" alt="" data-id="3318" data-full-url="https://tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles2.jpg" data-link="https://tempsdelegance.com/?attachment_id=3318" class="wp-image-3318" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles2.jpg?resize=1024%2C749&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles2.jpg?resize=300%2C219&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles2.jpg?resize=768%2C562&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles2.jpg?resize=600%2C439&amp;ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles2.jpg?resize=1536%2C1123&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles2.jpg?w=2040&amp;ssl=1 2040w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles2.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></a><figcaption class="blocks-gallery-item__caption">Christabel et sa mere Emmeline (au centre) en 1908<br><em>Christabel and her mother (at the center) in 1908</em></figcaption></figure></li><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><a href="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles.jpg?ssl=1"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="496" height="397" data-attachment-id="3317" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/emmelinepankhurst_filles/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles.jpg?fit=496%2C397&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="496,397" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="EmmelinePankhurst_Filles" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles.jpg?fit=300%2C240&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles.jpg?fit=496%2C397&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles.jpg?resize=496%2C397&#038;ssl=1" alt="" data-id="3317" data-full-url="https://tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles.jpg" data-link="https://tempsdelegance.com/?attachment_id=3317" class="wp-image-3317" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles.jpg?w=496&amp;ssl=1 496w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EmmelinePankhurst_Filles.jpg?resize=300%2C240&amp;ssl=1 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 496px) 100vw, 496px" /></a><figcaption class="blocks-gallery-item__caption">Emmeline et ses filles Christabel &amp; Sylvia quelques annéess plus tard (et avant que Sylvia se fâche à cause de ses positions plus modérées)<br><em>Emmeline and her daughters Christabel &amp; Sylvia few years later (and before Sylvia leaves because of her more moderate views).</em><br></figcaption></figure></li><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><a href="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/9d60f4c9fa812cb376dc148623b969b5.jpg?ssl=1"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="564" height="787" data-attachment-id="3316" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/9d60f4c9fa812cb376dc148623b969b5/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/9d60f4c9fa812cb376dc148623b969b5.jpg?fit=564%2C787&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="564,787" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="9d60f4c9fa812cb376dc148623b969b5" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/9d60f4c9fa812cb376dc148623b969b5.jpg?fit=215%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/9d60f4c9fa812cb376dc148623b969b5.jpg?fit=564%2C787&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/9d60f4c9fa812cb376dc148623b969b5.jpg?resize=564%2C787&#038;ssl=1" alt="" data-id="3316" data-full-url="https://tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/9d60f4c9fa812cb376dc148623b969b5.jpg" data-link="https://tempsdelegance.com/?attachment_id=3316" class="wp-image-3316" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/9d60f4c9fa812cb376dc148623b969b5.jpg?w=564&amp;ssl=1 564w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/9d60f4c9fa812cb376dc148623b969b5.jpg?resize=215%2C300&amp;ssl=1 215w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px" /></a></figure></li></ul></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center">***</p>



<p>Voilà qui termine mon petit cycle de « femmes fortes de la Belle Epoque » : trois portraits et trois femmes aux trajectoires très différentes ! J&rsquo;avoue avoir un gros faible pour Emmeline, sans doute car je ne peux m&#8217;empêcher de penser à la police qui a frappé une manifestation de femmes à Paris le 7 mars dernier, comme quoi l&rsquo;histoire est un éternel recommencement.</p>



<p style="color:#602baa" class="has-text-color">This article finishes my small cycle of « strong women during the Edwardian period » : three portraits, and three women with very different paths ! I must admit that I am particularly partial to Emmeline, because I cannot avoid thinking of the police that beat a feminist protest in Paris last march the 7th : it is often said that history eternally repeats itself.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="3320" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/portrait_badge_of_emmeline_pankhurst_-_c1909_-_museum_of_london/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Portrait_Badge_of_Emmeline_Pankhurst_-_c1909_-_Museum_of_London.jpg?fit=422%2C508&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="422,508" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="Portrait_Badge_of_Emmeline_Pankhurst_-_c1909_-_Museum_of_London" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Portrait_Badge_of_Emmeline_Pankhurst_-_c1909_-_Museum_of_London.jpg?fit=249%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Portrait_Badge_of_Emmeline_Pankhurst_-_c1909_-_Museum_of_London.jpg?fit=422%2C508&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Portrait_Badge_of_Emmeline_Pankhurst_-_c1909_-_Museum_of_London.jpg?resize=422%2C508&#038;ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-3320" width="422" height="508" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Portrait_Badge_of_Emmeline_Pankhurst_-_c1909_-_Museum_of_London.jpg?w=422&amp;ssl=1 422w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Portrait_Badge_of_Emmeline_Pankhurst_-_c1909_-_Museum_of_London.jpg?resize=249%2C300&amp;ssl=1 249w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px" /><figcaption>Portrait d&rsquo;Emmeline vendu par le WSPU, aux couleurs du mouvement des suffragettes.<br><em>A portrait of Emmeline sold by the WPSU, with the suffragettes&rsquo;s colors.</em></figcaption></figure></div>The post <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/emmeline-pankhurst/">Emmeline Pankhurst</a> first appeared on <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com">Temps d'élégance</a>.]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">3282</post-id>	</item>
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		<title>Marguerite Durand</title>
		<link>https://tempsdelegance.com/marguerite-durand/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Fanny Wilk]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2020 19:45:05 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[REFLECHIR]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[8mars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Belle-Epoque]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Femmes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ladies]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Second article de ma série présentant des grandes figures du féminisme à la Belle Epoque à l&#8217;occasion du « 8 mars » : hier Marguerite Pelletier, aujourd&#8217;hui</p>
The post <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/marguerite-durand/">Marguerite Durand</a> first appeared on <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com">Temps d'élégance</a>.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="has-text-color has-black-color">Second article de ma série présentant des grandes figures du féminisme à la Belle Epoque à l&rsquo;occasion du « 8 mars » : hier <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/madeleine-pelletier/"><strong>Marguerite Pelletier</strong></a>, aujourd&rsquo;hui Marguerite Durand et bientôt nous quitterons la France pour traverser la manche et (re)découvrir Emmeline Pankhurst. </p>



<p style="color:#53328f" class="has-text-color"> Second portrait of edwardian feminists on the occasion of « March 8 »  : yesterday it was <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/madeleine-pelletier/"><strong>Marguerite Pelletier</strong></a>, today it&rsquo;s Marguerite Durand and soon we&rsquo;ll leave France to cross the Channel to (re)discover Emmeline Pankhurst. </p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="527" height="684" data-attachment-id="3273" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/marguerite-durand/portrait-de-marguerite-durand/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Marguerite_Durand_par_Jules_Cayron.jpg?fit=527%2C684&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="527,684" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;11&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;\u00a9 St\u00e9phane Piera / Biblioth\u00e8que Marguerite Durand / Roger-Viollet&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Aptus 65&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Jules Cayron (1868-1940). \&quot;Portrait de Marguerite Durand (1864-1936), journaliste f\u00e9ministe\&quot;. Huile sur toile. 1897. Paris, Biblioth\u00e8que Marguerite Durand. Dimensions: 171 x 140 cm&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;\u00a9 St\u00e9phane Piera / Biblioth\u00e8que Marguerite Durand / Roger-Viollet&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;80&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;200&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0125&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Portrait de Marguerite Durand&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="Portrait de Marguerite Durand" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="&lt;p&gt;Jules Cayron (1868-1940). « Portrait de Marguerite Durand (1864-1936), journaliste féministe ». Huile sur toile. 1897. Paris, Bibliothèque Marguerite Durand. Dimensions: 171 x 140 cm&lt;/p&gt;
" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Marguerite_Durand_par_Jules_Cayron.jpg?fit=231%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Marguerite_Durand_par_Jules_Cayron.jpg?fit=527%2C684&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Marguerite_Durand_par_Jules_Cayron.jpg?resize=527%2C684&#038;ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-3273" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Marguerite_Durand_par_Jules_Cayron.jpg?w=527&amp;ssl=1 527w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Marguerite_Durand_par_Jules_Cayron.jpg?resize=231%2C300&amp;ssl=1 231w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px" /><figcaption>Jules Cayron (1868-1940). « Portrait de Marguerite Durand (1864-1936), journaliste féministe ». Huile sur toile. 1897. Paris, Bibliothèque Marguerite Durand. Dimensions: 171 x 140 cm</figcaption></figure></div>



<p>Comme vous pouvez le remarquer, nous sommes ici face à ce que Madeleine Pelletier appelait dédaigneusement une « féministe en dentelle », et pourtant, Marguerite a beaucoup apporté à la cause féministe. Par des moyens différents de ceux que l&rsquo;on a vus dans l&rsquo;article précédent.</p>



<p style="color:#53328f" class="has-text-color">As you can see it, we are facing what Madeleine Pelletier used to call disdainfully a « feminist in lace », but she was a real activist that brought a lot to the women rights in France. Her methods were simply different compared to the ones we saw in the previous article.</p>



<p>Marguerite est la fille d&rsquo;un amour illégitime entre personnes fortunées et est élevée au couvent, puis elle embrasse la carrière d&rsquo;actrice de théâtre : elle gagne le premier prix de comédie au conservatoire en 1880, et intègre la comédie française où sa beauté la cantonne aux rôles d&rsquo;ingénues. Elle épouse un avocat en 1888, qui est aussi député, et devient une honnête épouse. Elle adopte alors ses idées nationalistes, antisémites et patriarcales. Pour le moment, elle est à mille lieues du féminisme.  Elle se pique de journalisme et commence à écrire dans le journal de propagande de son époux.  Elle finit cependant par se détacher de l&rsquo;idéologie de son époux et s&rsquo;en sépare. Bientôt divorcée, elle entre au Figaro, où elle créé le « courrier des lecteurs ».</p>



<p style="color:#53328f" class="has-text-color">Marguerite is an illegitimate daughter between quite rich people, and is raised in a convent. Then she starts a career as a theatre actress : she wons the first price of acting at the Conservatory of Dramatic Art in 1880 and starts working at the « Comédie-Française » (a famous theatre in Paris) where her beauty limits her to ingenuous roles. She marries a lawyer, who is a Deputy, and becomes an « honest spouse ». She adopts his nationalistic, anti-Semitic and paternalistic ideas. She is miles away from feminism, and starts to write in her husband&rsquo;s propaganda newspaper. But she turns her back to her husband&rsquo;s opinions and leaves her husband. Soon divorced, she gets a job in the Figaro (a famous french newspaper), where she creates the letters page.</p>



<p>1896 est l&rsquo;année charnière. Elle est enceinte de 5 mois de son amant, l&rsquo;un des directeurs du Figaro, quand elle est envoyée par le journal pour couvrir une rencontre féministe, le Congrès Féministe International. Il lui est demandé de dénigrer l&rsquo;événement et ses participantes : puisqu&rsquo;elle est une femme, personne n&rsquo;osera lui reprocher d&rsquo;avoir des propos durs. Mais ce qu&rsquo;elle y entend trouve échos en elle, et elle en ressort féministe convaincue, principalement par Maria Pognon. Elle quitte le Figaro peu après, et le père de son bébé tente de lui enlever l&rsquo;enfant peu après son accouchement, pour se venger, mais elle est assistée par Georges Clémenceau (une connaissance de son ancienne vie) et réussit à avoir la garde du bébé.</p>



<p style="color:#53328f" class="has-text-color">1896 is a key year. She is 5 month pregnant (her lover was one of the Figaro&rsquo;s boss), when she is sent by the newspaper to cover a feminist meeting, the International Feminist Congress.  She is asked to denigrate the event and its participants : as she is a woman, no one will criticize her harsh words. But what she hears convince her to become a convinced feminist, thanks to Maria Pognon most of all. She leaves the Figaro after that, and her newborn son&rsquo;s father tries to take the child from her as a revenge, but she is helped by Georges Clémenceau (she knew from her former life) and succeeds to keep the custody.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="800" height="1199" data-attachment-id="3274" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/marguerite-durand/maria_pognon/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Maria_Pognon.jpg?fit=800%2C1199&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="800,1199" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="Maria_Pognon" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Maria_Pognon.jpg?fit=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Maria_Pognon.jpg?fit=683%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i1.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Maria_Pognon.jpg?fit=683%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-3274" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Maria_Pognon.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Maria_Pognon.jpg?resize=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Maria_Pognon.jpg?resize=683%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 683w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Maria_Pognon.jpg?resize=768%2C1151&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Maria_Pognon.jpg?resize=600%2C899&amp;ssl=1 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></figure>



<p>L&rsquo;année suivante, elle vend les 22 perles précieuses qu&rsquo;elle avait amassées pendant sa carrière d&rsquo;actrice et fonde avec cet argent le journal « La Fronde » qu&rsquo;elle veut être un outil pour faire entendre la voix des femmes. Le journal est intégralement géré par les femmes (afin de leur permettre d&rsquo;être de « véritables journalistes ») et contrairement au reste de la presse  de l&rsquo;époque, il ne parle pas frivolités ou de « comment être une bonne mère et épouse », mais des mêmes sujets que les journaux masculins : politique, sport, sciences, société, économie&#8230;  Et elle utilise ses connaissances de son ancienne vie d&rsquo;actrice pour accéder aux lieux de pouvoir normalement interdits aux femmes. Malheureusement, le journal a du mal à s&rsquo;autofinancer et sa publication s&rsquo;étiolera au fil du temps. Elle co-fondera aussi « l&rsquo;Action » en 1905 et fondera « Les Nouvelles » en 1909. Tous sont plutôt laïques, socialistes et pacifiques. Elle milite activement pendant toutes ces années contre le « code Napoléon » (soit le code civil français, qui considère que les femmes sont des êtres faibles comme le sont les enfants) et donc pour l&rsquo;égalité hommes/femmes, s&rsquo;implique dans la création de syndicats féminins et pour le droit de vote des femmes (elle sera elle-même plusieurs fois candidate « illégale » à divers élections). </p>



<p style="color:#53328f" class="has-text-color">The year after, she sells 22 precious pearls she had collected during her career as an actress, and creates the newspaper « La Fronde » (« the Frond ») that she wants to be a tool for women to be heard. It&rsquo;s all managed by women (in order to allow them to be « real journalists ») and do not talk about frivolities or « how to be a good mother and wife », but about the same topics than men newspapers : politics, sport, science, civil society, economics,&#8230; She uses influences from her former actress life to access to power places closed for women. Unfortunatly the newspaper cannot finance itself and reduces slowly with as years are passing by. She will too be the co-funder of « L&rsquo;Action » (« The Action ») in 1905, and is the funder ot « Les Nouvelles » (« The News ») in 1909. All are quite secular, socialistic, and pacific. She strives against the « Code Napoléon » (the french civil code that considers that women are weak creatures, just like children are), and is for women/men equality , is involved in the creation of women unions and the vote rights for women (she will herself be an « illegal » candidate to several elections).</p>



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<p>Marguerite soutien l&rsquo;effort de guerre pendant la 1ere Guerre Mondiale et exhorte les femmes à prendre leur place dans le monde pendant l&rsquo;absence des hommes partis au front, espérant que cela ouvre de nouveaux droits pour les femmes quand la guerre s&rsquo;arrêtera. C&rsquo;est sans compter sur la misogynie des gouvernants d&rsquo;après-guerre, puisque les droits des femmes sont encore réduits après l&rsquo;armistice (tenir tout propos sur le contrôle des naissances est désormais passible de prison à partir de 1920).</p>



<p style="color:#53328f" class="has-text-color">Marguerite supports the war effort during the WWI, and calls for women to take a bigger place in the society while men are at war, hoping that it will open new rights for them after the war. But the french rulers don&rsquo;t stop being misogynist after the war, because women right are still reduced after the armistice (any mention to birth control can now lead you to prison in 1920).</p>



<p>Elle a une vie sociale très riche, diffusant ses idées dans son milieu social très bourgeois. Malheureusement, les journaux de l&rsquo;époque préfèrent parler de ses scandales, de ses tocades (telle sa lionne) ou de son style vestimentaire que de ses actions militantes !</p>



<p style="color:#53328f" class="has-text-color">She has a very important social life, sharing her opinions in her very bourgeois milieu. Unfortunatly, edwardian newspapers would rather speak of her scandals, her extravagances (such as her lioness), or the way she dressed than her activism.</p>



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https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/femina-1910-1-avr-couverture-actresses-durand.jpg?resize=600%2C832&amp;ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/femina-1910-1-avr-couverture-actresses-durand.jpg?resize=1107%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1107w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/femina-1910-1-avr-couverture-actresses-durand.jpg?resize=1477%2C2048&amp;ssl=1 1477w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/femina-1910-1-avr-couverture-actresses-durand.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></figure></li><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1774" height="2463" data-attachment-id="3287" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/marguerite-durand/lvh-1910-couverture-exoticism-actresses-marguerite-durand/" 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/></figure></li></ul></figure>



<p class="has-text-color has-black-color">Marguerite va compiler tout ce qu&rsquo;elle trouve concernant les femmes et le droit des femmes, et fera don de sa collection à la ville de Paris : la <a href="https://www.paris.fr/equipements/bibliotheque-marguerite-durand-bmd-1756"><strong>Bibliothèque Marguerite Durand</strong></a> est d&rsquo;ailleurs toujours spécialisée sur ce sujet. Elle meurt en 1936, 8 ans avant que les femmes obtiennent le droit de vote en France.</p>



<p style="color:#53328f" class="has-text-color">Marguerite compiles all documents she finds about women and women rights and will donate her collection to the city of Paris : the <a href="https://www.paris.fr/equipements/bibliotheque-marguerite-durand-bmd-1756"><strong>Marguerite Durand Library</strong></a> is still specialised about this topic. She dies in 1936, 8 years before women get the right to vote in France.</p>



<p class="has-text-align-center">*** </p>



<p>Voilà pour ce second visage du féminisme de la Belle Epoque : une façon de militer plutôt différente de celle de Madeleine Pelletier vue dans l&rsquo;article précédent. Mais vous pouvez remarquer que nous sommes encore sur des actions indirectes, c&rsquo;est à dire du lobbying, des protestations, des actions symboliques, l&rsquo;éducation et l&rsquo;augmentation de la conscience féministe, et le support d&rsquo;organisations féministes. Pour découvrir une activiste directe, je vous donne rendez-vous très vite pour le 3e et dernier portait ! Nous changerons de pays, direction Londres pour des confrontations bien plus musclées (mais qui aboutiront bien plus vite qu&rsquo;en France). A ce propos, je ne résiste pas à l&rsquo;envie de vous montrer cet éventail français de 1914 demandant poliment  le droit de vote !</p>



<p style="color:#53328f" class="has-text-color">That&rsquo;s the end of this second portrait of edwardian feminists : an other way to advocate than what we saw in the previous article. But you can notice we are still on indirect actions like lobbying, protests, symbolic acts, education, awareness raising, and supporting feminist groups. We will soon discover a direct activist for the 3rd (and last) portrait ! We&rsquo;ll cross the Channel, and will be in London for tough confrontations (that will lead to quicker results). By the way, I really have to show you this 1914 french fan that asks politely for the right to vote : « I would like to vote ».</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1500" height="1427" data-attachment-id="3285" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/marguerite-durand/suffragettes/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Suffragettes.jpg?fit=1500%2C1427&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="1500,1427" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS REBEL T3i&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1376612586&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;28&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;3200&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.02&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="Suffragettes" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Suffragettes.jpg?fit=300%2C285&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Suffragettes.jpg?fit=800%2C761&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Suffragettes.jpg?fit=800%2C761&amp;ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-3285" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Suffragettes.jpg?w=1500&amp;ssl=1 1500w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Suffragettes.jpg?resize=300%2C285&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Suffragettes.jpg?resize=1024%2C974&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Suffragettes.jpg?resize=768%2C731&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Suffragettes.jpg?resize=600%2C571&amp;ssl=1 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></figure>The post <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/marguerite-durand/">Marguerite Durand</a> first appeared on <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com">Temps d'élégance</a>.]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">3270</post-id>	</item>
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		<title>Madeleine Pelletier</title>
		<link>https://tempsdelegance.com/madeleine-pelletier/</link>
					<comments>https://tempsdelegance.com/madeleine-pelletier/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Fanny Wilk]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2020 20:50:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[REFLECHIR]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[8mars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Belle-Epoque]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Femmes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ladies]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://tempsdelegance.com/?p=3256</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>En ce 8 mars 2020, j&#8217;ai passé pas mal de temps à me demander de quelle grande dame parler (même si à vrai dire je</p>
The post <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/madeleine-pelletier/">Madeleine Pelletier</a> first appeared on <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com">Temps d'élégance</a>.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>En ce 8 mars 2020, j&rsquo;ai passé pas mal de temps à me demander de quelle grande dame parler (même si à vrai dire je devrais parler de grandes dames plus régulièrement qu&rsquo;à l&rsquo;occasion de la journée internationale de lutte pour les droits de femmes). Au début je voulais vous parler de <strong>Madeleine Pelletier</strong>, une avant-gardiste française à l&rsquo;allure très masculine. Et puis après je me suis dit que son soutien <strong>Marguerite Durand</strong> serait un sujet au look moins « radical » qui parlerait à plus d&rsquo;entre vous. Mais je me suis rappelée qu&rsquo;hier, samedi 7 mars 2020, une manifestation de femmes réclamant de la justice pour celles qui subissent des violences a été réprimée violemment par le pouvoir en place à Paris, et que Madeleine comme Marguerite n&rsquo;ont pas eu tant de succès que ça.  Alors la britannique <strong>Emmeline Pankhurst</strong> m&rsquo;est venue à l&rsquo;esprit. Finalement, pourquoi choisir ? Je trouve qu&rsquo;elles se complètent admirablement pour parler du féminisme à la Belle Epoque.  Mais comme c&rsquo;est un peu long, j&rsquo;ai décidé de scinder cet article en 3 articles : un par grande dame. Elles le méritent bien après tout !</p>



<p style="color:#6133a1" class="has-text-color">I spent a lot of time thinking about whose great ladies I was going to speak about for this « international women’s day to struggle for their rights ». First I thought about <strong>Madeleine Pelletier</strong>, a french pioneer with a very masculine style. I too thought about <strong>Marguerite Durand</strong>, her less radical looking support. But I recalled that yesterday, march the 7th, 2020, a women demonstration in Paris was repressed with violence by french authorities, and that Madeleine as Marguerite had not the expected success. Than, the british <strong>Emmeline Pankhurst</strong> came in my mind. Why choosing ? The 3 ladies complement each other to talk about feminism during the Edwardian period. But as it&rsquo;s quite long to read, I decided to cut this article in 3 articles : one per grand lady. They worth it after all !</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="480" height="321" data-attachment-id="3260" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/madeleine-pelletier/1914-comite-vote-femme/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1914-comite-vote-femme.jpg?fit=480%2C321&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="480,321" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="1914-comite-vote-femme" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1914-comite-vote-femme.jpg?fit=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1914-comite-vote-femme.jpg?fit=480%2C321&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1914-comite-vote-femme.jpg?resize=480%2C321&#038;ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-3260" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1914-comite-vote-femme.jpg?w=480&amp;ssl=1 480w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1914-comite-vote-femme.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px" /></figure></div>



<p class="has-text-align-center">***</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Madeleine Pelletier</h2>



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data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Madeleine_Pelletier3.jpg?fit=220%2C309&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Madeleine_Pelletier3.jpg?resize=220%2C309&#038;ssl=1" alt="" data-id="3262" data-full-url="https://tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Madeleine_Pelletier3.jpg" data-link="https://tempsdelegance.com/?attachment_id=3262" class="wp-image-3262" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Madeleine_Pelletier3.jpg?w=220&amp;ssl=1 220w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Madeleine_Pelletier3.jpg?resize=214%2C300&amp;ssl=1 214w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px" /></a></figure></li><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/?attachment_id=3263"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="473" height="354" data-attachment-id="3263" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/madeleine-pelletier/madeleine-pelletier/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/madeleine-pelletier.jpg?fit=473%2C354&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="473,354" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="madeleine-pelletier" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/madeleine-pelletier.jpg?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/madeleine-pelletier.jpg?fit=473%2C354&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/madeleine-pelletier.jpg?resize=473%2C354&#038;ssl=1" alt="" data-id="3263" data-full-url="https://tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/madeleine-pelletier.jpg" data-link="https://tempsdelegance.com/?attachment_id=3263" class="wp-image-3263" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/madeleine-pelletier.jpg?w=473&amp;ssl=1 473w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/madeleine-pelletier.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px" /></a></figure></li><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/?attachment_id=3264"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="189" height="299" data-attachment-id="3264" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/madeleine-pelletier/mp/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/mp.jpg?fit=189%2C299&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="189,299" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="mp" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/mp.jpg?fit=189%2C299&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/mp.jpg?fit=189%2C299&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/mp.jpg?resize=189%2C299&#038;ssl=1" alt="" data-id="3264" data-full-url="https://tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/mp.jpg" data-link="https://tempsdelegance.com/?attachment_id=3264" class="wp-image-3264"/></a></figure></li></ul></figure>



<p>Comme vous pouvez le voir, elle piétinait allègrement les conventions sociales ! Cheveux courts, vêtements aux coupes masculines, et même portant le pantalon. A cause de son allure, elle se fait quelques fois embêter dans la rue parisienne par des voyous quand elle est jeune, puis est embêtée (voir arrêtée) systématiquement par la police quand elle « ose » avoir une opinion militante, le pouvoir de l&rsquo;époque espérant la briser par ce harcèlement constant. Il faut dire qu&rsquo;elle refusait de demander sa « permission au travestissement » qui était à l&rsquo;époque nécessaire pour pouvoir s&rsquo;habiller en homme. Elle estimait qu&rsquo;elle ne montrerait ses seins que le jour où les hommes devraient montrer leur pénis, et critiquait allègrement ce qu&rsquo;elle appelait le « féminisme en dentelle », estimant qu&rsquo;on ne pouvait lutter contre la domination masculine en portant des vêtements asservissants.</p>



<p style="color:#6133a1" class="has-text-color">As you can see it, she used to walk on social conventions ! Short hair, masculine cut of clothes, and even trousers ! Because of the way she looked, she was sometimes bothered by thugs in the streets of Paris when she was young, and bothered (or arrested) more systematically by cops when she « dares » to have activist opinions, they were hoping to break her by this constant harassment. She did not wanted to ask for her « travesty permission » that was mandatory for wearing men&rsquo;s clothes in France. She told that she would show her breast the day men would have to show their penis, and she was very critical with what she called the « feminism in lace », estimating it was impossible to fight against men&rsquo;s domination by wearing enslaving clothes.</p>



<p>Ultra résumé de sa vie et de ses luttes : issue d&rsquo;une famille pauvre de Paris, elle se découvre une conscience politique très jeune (13 ans), par opposition avec sa mère très bigote. Elle fréquente alors les cercles socialistes et anarchistes. Devenue orpheline avant d&rsquo;être adulte, elle se remet aux études, consciente qu&rsquo;elle ne peut compter que sur ce biais pour gagner une meilleure place dans la société, et devient médecin. Elle étudie l&rsquo;anthropologie pour démonter les allégations de ses collègues masculins qui soutiennent que les femmes sont moins intelligentes que les hommes car leur cerveau est plus petit. Poussée à bout, elle change de domaine et veut faire le concours des internats des asiles, mais ça lui est refusé car réservé aux personnes jouissant de leurs droits politiques (les femmes en sont donc automatiquement exclues). Le journal « La Fronde » (dirigé par Marguerite Durand dont je parlerai demain) et des membres du jury du concours la soutiennent publiquement, elle peut enfin passer le concours l&rsquo;année suivante, et devient la première femme médecin française diplômée en psychiatrie en 1906. Elle est initiée franc-maçonne et prend la direction du groupe « La Solidarité des Femmes » cette même année.  Elle devient présidente de la « Section Française de l&rsquo;Internationale Ouvrière » en 1909. Elle écrit beaucoup : journaux, revues scientifiques, essais, romans et pièces de théâtre. Elle lutte assez activement contre l&rsquo;institution de la « famille » et en faveur de l&rsquo;avortement ainsi que de l&rsquo;éducation sexuelle pour les femmes, ce qui lui vaut par la suite beaucoup de déboires au sein même de ses propres groupes. Elle travaille pour la Croix Rouge pendant la première guerre, et se revendique antimilitariste à la fin de cette dernière. Devenue communiste, elle déchante suite à une visite clandestine en Russie, et revient du côté des anarchistes (tout en restant communiste) et en continuant de condamner la violence et la terreur. Elle combat très tôt le fascisme, et ne cessera jamais son combat féministe. Elle est accusée d&rsquo;avoir pratiqué un avortement en 1933, mais est déclarée innocente. Elle devient hémiplégique en 1937 suite à un AVC et sombre dans la misère (car elle n&rsquo;a personne pour prendre soin d&rsquo;elle, et il n&rsquo;existe pas de pension qu&rsquo;elle puisse demander pour survivre), ce qui l&rsquo;oblige à vivre des dons de ses cercles d&rsquo;amis. Elle est de nouveau accusée d&rsquo;avoir pratiqué l&rsquo;avortement d&rsquo;une jeune fille de 13 ans violée par son frère en 1939 : le tribunal la déclare innocente car sa paralysie l&#8217;empêche de pouvoir faire ce qui lui est reproché mais la déclare quand même <em>(** sortez votre sac à vomi **)</em> « un danger pour elle-même, pour autrui et pour l&rsquo;ordre public » et la condamne à l&rsquo;asile. Elle y meurt à la fin de l&rsquo;année.</p>



<p style="color:#6133a1" class="has-text-color">Ultra quick summary of her life : she was from a poor family in Paris, she discovers her own political awareness very early (13 years old), in contrast of her mother&rsquo;s bigotry. She is part of socialistic and anarchistic circles. She is orphan before being an adult, and goes back to school, aware that she will only be able to rise in the society thanks to education, and becomes a doctor. She studies anthropology to undermine her male colleagues ideas that worked to show that men were smarter than women : they thought that intelligence was linked to the brain size, and that wormen were less intelligent than men because their brains were smaller. She gives up, and starts to study psychiatry. But she cannot pass the exam because studients had to have their whole political rights (and as women had no rights, they were excluded). The newspaper  » the Frond » (ruled by  Marguerite Durand, the woman I would talk about tomorrow) and some members of the exam&rsquo;s jury help her and this unfair rule is taken down, she becomes the first woman psychiatrist in France in 1906. She becomes freemason and rules the feminist group « The Solidarity of Women » that very same year.  She too becomes the ruler of the « French Section of the Labour International » group in 1909. She writes au lot : newspapers, scientific journals, essays, novels, theatre plays. She struggles against the « family » as a french establishment, for the right to abort for women and to have a sexual education, but it puts her in many troubles, even with her own groups. She works for the Red Cross during WWI and comes back with strong anti-militarist opinions. She became a communist, but is disillusioned when she goes clandestinaly in Russia, and goes back on the anarchistic side, but keeps being a comunist and being against violence and terror. She fights against fascism very soon, and will never stop being an activist for women rights. She is accused of practising an abortion in 1933, but is found not guilty. She becomes hemiplegic in 1937 after a stroke and runs out of money (as she was all by herself, and France had no health pensions in those days), she then have to beg for money in her political circles. She is again accused of practising the abortion for a 13 years old girl raped by her own brother in 1939 but is cleared because her paralysis would not allow her to do anything but the « justice » court (** draw your vomit bag ! **) puts her in an asylum because she is declared to be  » a danger for herself, for others and for social order « . She is innocent, but is punished.  She dies at the end of the year.</p>



<p>Une citation parmi tant d&rsquo;autres : « Je suis née plusieurs siècles trop tôt ».</p>



<p style="color:#6133a1" class="has-text-color">One quote amongst others : « I am born several centuries to soon ». </p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="450" height="554" data-attachment-id="3266" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/madeleine-pelletier/pelletier_05/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/pelletier_05.jpg?fit=450%2C554&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="450,554" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="pelletier_05" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/pelletier_05.jpg?fit=244%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/pelletier_05.jpg?fit=450%2C554&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/pelletier_05.jpg?resize=450%2C554&#038;ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-3266" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/pelletier_05.jpg?w=450&amp;ssl=1 450w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/pelletier_05.jpg?resize=244%2C300&amp;ssl=1 244w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px" /></figure></div>


<p style="text-align: center;">***</p>


<p>Rendez-vous demain pour le second portrait d&rsquo;une féministe de la Belle Epoque, Marguerite Durand  !</p>



<p style="color:#6133a1" class="has-text-color">See you tomorrow for the portrait of an other feminist during the Edwardian period, Marguerite Durand !</p>The post <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/madeleine-pelletier/">Madeleine Pelletier</a> first appeared on <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com">Temps d'élégance</a>.]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<title>8 mars 2018</title>
		<link>https://tempsdelegance.com/8-mars-2018/</link>
					<comments>https://tempsdelegance.com/8-mars-2018/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Fanny Wilk]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Mar 2018 17:54:30 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[REFLECHIR]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[19th century]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[8mars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fashion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ladies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[légendes urbaines]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://tempsdelegance.com/?p=2740</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>C&#8217;est le 8 mars ! C&#8217;est à dire le jour où ceux qui ont des produits nazes à refourguer font des offres commerciales (« 1 rose</p>
The post <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/8-mars-2018/">8 mars 2018</a> first appeared on <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com">Temps d'élégance</a>.]]></description>
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<td style="text-align: justify;" width="49%"><span style="color: #000000;">C&rsquo;est le 8 mars ! C&rsquo;est à dire le jour où ceux qui ont des produits nazes à refourguer font des offres commerciales (« 1 rose offerte à toutes nos clientes », « 2e petite culotte à moitié prix pour votre fête ! »). En vrai, c&rsquo;est surtout la <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>jo</strong><strong>urnée internationale de lutte pour les droits des femmes</strong></span> (c&rsquo;est quand même autrement plus utile que la « fête des femmes » non ?). Alors j&rsquo;ai voulu mettre une femme d&rsquo;exception à l&rsquo;honneur. </span></p>
<p>Il y a longtemps, quand je n&rsquo;avais qu&rsquo;une connaissance moyenne de l&rsquo;histoire, je croyais que les femmes d&rsquo;avant la 2e guerre mondiale étaient surtout des femmes au foyer. Maintenant que j&rsquo;étudie cela de manière plus conséquente je sais que le sexisme ordinaire dont nous sommes (presque) tous confits est une construction bourgeoise finalement très récente (nos ancêtres de la fin du 18e siècle étaient plus ouverts d&rsquo;esprit que nous par exemple !). Et de tout temps il y a eu des femmes extraordinaires, qui n&rsquo;ont pas hésité à se lever face aux normes sociales injustes pour réclamer le droit de ne pas être une potiche de salon et être traitées en égal à l&rsquo;homme. J&rsquo;ai eu beaucoup de mal à choisir laquelle j&rsquo;allais traiter aujourd&rsquo;hui tant il y a des femmes dont on aimerait parler. Mais comme il n&rsquo;en fallait qu&rsquo;une j&rsquo;ai finalement opté (un peu au hasard car je n&rsquo;ai pas su choisir) pour <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Amelia Bloomer</strong></span>, une dame qu&rsquo;on connait surtout pour la pièce de vêtement qui a pris son nom, « le bloomer », une culotte bouffante.</td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"> </span></td>
<td style="text-align: justify;" width="49%"><span style="color: #993366;">It&rsquo;s march the 8th ! The perfect moment for those who sell items that suck to make commercial offers in France (« 1 free rose for all our lady customers ! », « the 2d panty is half its price for this special day » !). But in fact, for real, it&rsquo;s the <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>international women&rsquo;s day to struggle for their rights</strong></span> (which is quite more useful than a « women day »). That&rsquo;s why I wanted to talk about an amazing lady on this blog. </span></p>
<p><span style="color: #993366;">A long time ago, when I didn&rsquo;t know much history, I thought that ladies before the WWII were housewives. Now that I study history for real, I know that ordinary sexism we show everyday is a modern bourgeois social construction (late georgian people were much more open minded than we are !).  There has been a lot of great ladies, who stood against unfair social norms to claim for the right to be something else than a useless linving room item, and to have equal rights to men. </span><span style="color: #993366;">It was hard to choose just one, but I picked (quite <span style="color: #993366;">randomly)</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Amelia Bloomer</strong></span>, a lady who is know today for a piece of garment she wore, « the bloomer ».</span></td>
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<p><a href="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/01-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?ssl=1"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="2742" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/8-mars-2018/01-amelia-bloomer/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/01-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?fit=2218%2C2676&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="2218,2676" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="01 Amelia bloomer" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/01-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?fit=249%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/01-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?fit=800%2C965&amp;ssl=1" class="aligncenter wp-image-2742" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/01-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?resize=650%2C784&#038;ssl=1" alt="" width="650" height="784" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/01-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?resize=249%2C300&amp;ssl=1 249w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/01-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?resize=768%2C927&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/01-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?resize=849%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 849w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/01-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?resize=600%2C724&amp;ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/01-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px" /></a></p>
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<td style="text-align: justify;" width="49%"><span style="color: #000000;">Amelia était rédactrice en chef du journal « The Lily », et une adepte de la tempérance à l&rsquo;origine (c&rsquo;est à dire qu&rsquo;elle militait contre l&rsquo;alcool, responsable de drames sociaux selon elle). Mais ses colonnes sont rapidement devenues le foyer d&rsquo;idées égalitaires sur la place des femmes. Elle portait aussi des pantalons larges, et estimait que les femmes devaient pouvoir s&rsquo;habiller comme elles le souhaitaient, c&rsquo;est à dire sans corset et sans robes immenses peu pratiques pour « faire des choses ».</span></p>
<p>Voici d&rsquo;autres images (n&rsquo;hésitez pas à cliquer pour agrandir) :</td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"> </span></td>
<td style="text-align: justify;" width="49%"><span style="color: #993366;">Amelia was the chief editor for « the Lily », and was a member of the Temperance League (which means that she was against alcohol, considered for being responsible for social dramas). But her columns quickly became a place full of egalitarian ideas about the women&rsquo;s place in the society. She wore large trousers, and thought that women should dress like they want, without corsets or huge  dresses that were not practical to « do things ».</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #993366;">See other images (click to enlarge) :</span></td>
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<p><a href="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/02-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?ssl=1"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="2743" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/8-mars-2018/02-amelia-bloomer/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/02-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?fit=484%2C900&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="484,900" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="02 Amelia bloomer" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/02-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?fit=161%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/02-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?fit=484%2C900&amp;ssl=1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-2743" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/02-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?resize=161%2C300&#038;ssl=1" alt="" width="161" height="300" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/02-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?resize=161%2C300&amp;ssl=1 161w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/02-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?w=484&amp;ssl=1 484w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 161px) 100vw, 161px" /></a> <a href="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/04-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?ssl=1"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="2745" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/8-mars-2018/04-amelia-bloomer/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/04-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?fit=658%2C913&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="658,913" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;11&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Kodak DCS Pro 14nx&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1118242320&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;85&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;160&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="04 Amelia bloomer" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/04-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?fit=216%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/04-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?fit=658%2C913&amp;ssl=1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-2745" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/04-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?resize=216%2C300&#038;ssl=1" alt="" width="216" height="300" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/04-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?resize=216%2C300&amp;ssl=1 216w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/04-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?resize=600%2C833&amp;ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/04-Amelia-bloomer.jpg?w=658&amp;ssl=1 658w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px" /></a> <a href="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/03-Amelia-bloomer.jpeg?ssl=1"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="2744" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/8-mars-2018/03-amelia-bloomer/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/03-Amelia-bloomer.jpeg?fit=2000%2C2345&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="2000,2345" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="03 Amelia bloomer" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/03-Amelia-bloomer.jpeg?fit=256%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/03-Amelia-bloomer.jpeg?fit=800%2C938&amp;ssl=1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-2744" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/03-Amelia-bloomer.jpeg?resize=256%2C300&#038;ssl=1" alt="" width="256" height="300" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/03-Amelia-bloomer.jpeg?resize=256%2C300&amp;ssl=1 256w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/03-Amelia-bloomer.jpeg?resize=768%2C900&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/03-Amelia-bloomer.jpeg?resize=873%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 873w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/03-Amelia-bloomer.jpeg?resize=600%2C704&amp;ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/03-Amelia-bloomer.jpeg?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/03-Amelia-bloomer.jpeg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px" /></a></p>
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<td width="49%"><span style="color: #000000;">Ce vêtement était plutôt un vêtement « de sport » à l&rsquo;origine :</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"> </span></td>
<td width="49%"><span style="color: #993366;">This garment was for sport at first :</span></td>
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<p><a href="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/06-bathing-bloomers.jpg?ssl=1"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="2746" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/8-mars-2018/06-bathing-bloomers/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/06-bathing-bloomers.jpg?fit=1230%2C926&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="1230,926" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="06 bathing bloomers" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/06-bathing-bloomers.jpg?fit=300%2C226&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/06-bathing-bloomers.jpg?fit=800%2C602&amp;ssl=1" class="aligncenter wp-image-2746" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/06-bathing-bloomers.jpg?resize=650%2C489&#038;ssl=1" alt="" width="650" height="489" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/06-bathing-bloomers.jpg?resize=300%2C226&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/06-bathing-bloomers.jpg?resize=768%2C578&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/06-bathing-bloomers.jpg?resize=1024%2C771&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/06-bathing-bloomers.jpg?resize=600%2C452&amp;ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/06-bathing-bloomers.jpg?w=1230&amp;ssl=1 1230w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px" /></a></p>
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<td style="text-align: justify;" width="49%"><span style="color: #000000;">Mais Amelia en a fait un vêtement « politique ». Car la mode n&rsquo;est JAMAIS neutre, elle est toujours politique : qu&rsquo;elle serve à imposer des normes sociales (ou à lutter contre elles, comme le fait Amelia), ou même à placer les gens dans la société (c&rsquo;est un « uniforme », qui obéit à des codes très précis, c&rsquo;est à dire que d&rsquo;un coup d&rsquo;oeil elle vous permet de savoir si la personne en face de vous est « des vôtres »).</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"> </span></td>
<td style="text-align: justify;" width="49%"><span style="color: #993366;">But Amelia made it a « political garment ». Because fashion is NEVER neutral, it&rsquo;s political, always : to put social standards (or to fight against them, as Amelia did), or to know social ranks in the society (it&rsquo;s a « uniform », which obey to strict codes, and allow to know in a second if the people in front of you are « part of your « ).</span></td>
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<p><a href="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/05-Bloomers.jpg?ssl=1"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="2747" data-permalink="https://tempsdelegance.com/8-mars-2018/05-bloomers/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/05-Bloomers.jpg?fit=277%2C363&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="277,363" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="05 Bloomers" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/05-Bloomers.jpg?fit=229%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/05-Bloomers.jpg?fit=277%2C363&amp;ssl=1" class="aligncenter wp-image-2747 size-full" src="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/05-Bloomers.jpg?resize=277%2C363&#038;ssl=1" alt="" width="277" height="363" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/05-Bloomers.jpg?w=277&amp;ssl=1 277w, https://i0.wp.com/tempsdelegance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/05-Bloomers.jpg?resize=229%2C300&amp;ssl=1 229w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 277px) 100vw, 277px" /></a></p>
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<td style="text-align: justify;" width="49%"><span style="color: #000000;">Alors bien entendu, beaucoup se diront sans doute que « c&rsquo;est moche » en regardant ces images <em>(je l&rsquo;ai fait !)</em>. Mais passons outre notre éducation sexiste et ne jugeons pas l&rsquo;esthétique de ces vêtements : juger l&rsquo;apparence d&rsquo;une personne c&rsquo;est déplacé <em>(rappelez-vous, n&rsquo;est-cas énervant quand vous lisez un article sur une femme d&rsquo;état et que ça ne parle que de ses vêtements, ses cheveux ou ses qualités physiques et pas ses idées ?!?)</em>, ce n&rsquo;est pas le propos de cet article :-p </span></td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"> </span></td>
<td style="text-align: justify;" width="49%"><span style="color: #993366;">Some of you might say « it&rsquo;s ugly » when looking at these images <em>(I did it !)</em>. But let&rsquo;s override our sexist education and stop judging if it&rsquo;s nice or not : judging people&rsquo;s appearance is inappropriate, it&rsquo;s not the point in this article.</span></td>
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</table>The post <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com/8-mars-2018/">8 mars 2018</a> first appeared on <a href="https://tempsdelegance.com">Temps d'élégance</a>.]]></content:encoded>
					
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